Introduction
Java applications do not have memory management issues, because the garbage collector of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) takes care of all the storage issues. The garbage collector in the IBM JVM is based on the mark-sweep-compact (MSC) algorithm, where garbage collection (GC) takes place in three phases. At the end of the mark and sweep phases, free space is available, but there is a possibility of heap fragmentation. The compact phase alleviates the fragmentation problem by moving chunks of allocated space towards the lower end of the heap, helping create contiguous free memory at the other end.
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